Video Toys By Roland Barthes And Violent Media Is Good For...

Killer Entertainment Entertainment has a unique way of being significant in everyday lives. It especially has a huge impact on the daily lives of children. The readings Toys by Roland Barthes and Violent Media Is Good for Kids by Gerald Jones perfectly capture this idea. Toys and media are specifically important in a child’s life for the sole reason that they are educational. Although they may seem like they are robbing children of their innocence, toys and media are actually teaching children to not be ignorant. They symbolize many things that children do not fully understand in the present but in the future will realize. Adulthood is not all happiness, not all peaches and cream. It most definitely matters what age a child is exposed to adulthood, though. A toddler should not be hit with those monstrosities of adulthood, but adolescent children should definitely not be oblivious. In childhood, toys could expose a child to adult-like imitations that could further prepare them to be a responsible adult. Toys are an epitome of adult responsibility, and violent media is a gateway to adulthood. This only supports the idea that entertainment is a crucial in the lives of children in many significant ways. Every toy has an adult concept to it, whether it is a train the child pretends to be a train conductor with or a doll the child pretends to be a parent and learns to feed the baby/change diapers with. Barthes points out that a child is â€Å"another self†, meaning a child is nothing

Bill Rights Free Essays

The Theory that the Fourteenth Amendment incorporates the Bill of Rights established the foundation for the Warren Court’s criminal procedure revolution. The U. S. We will write a custom essay sample on Bill Rights or any similar topic only for you Order Now Supreme Court has incorporated many of the protections and prohibitions in the Bill of Rights. These protections are available to criminal offenders. In this paper, I will discuss which protections do not apply to the states. And the differences between the two laws: procedural and substantive. As you continue on reading, you know about, which protection is considered procedural and substantive. The protection against â€Å"ex post facto† laws means that the State cannot pass a law after a person has committed a crime and then prosecute the person for the first crime. You can only be prosecuted under the laws that in effect at the time of the crime. The protection against â€Å"Bills of attainder† prevents the State from passing a law meant to punish a certain person without judicial process. The Fourth Amendment provides general protection against arbitrary search and seizure of person(s) and property. However, there are many exceptions to the Fourth Amendment that includes a warrant. It still, does not provide broad protection of the general public from inappropriate police conduct. The Fifth Amendment provides a handful amount of protection. The protection against â€Å"double jeopardy† (which means being tried more than once for the same offense) comes from this amendment. The right to remain silent came from a defendant’s Fifth Amendment right not to be compelled to be witness against himself. This Amendment provides a broad right to due process of law. The most important Amendment is the Sixth. This Amendment gives criminal defendants the right to assistance of counsel, the right to compel witnesses to appear at trial, the right to cross-examine witnesses at trial, the right to trial by jury, and the right to be informed of the nature of charges that have been filed against them. The right to speedy a trial allows the defendant’s trial to be waived and prevents the state from incarcerating a defendant. Procedural law comprises the set of rules that govern the proceedings of the court in criminal lawsuits as well as civil and administrative proceedings. The court needs to conform to standards setup by procedural law, during proceedings. These rules ensure fair practice and consistency in the â€Å"due process†. Substantive law is a statutory law that deals with the legal relationship between people or the people and the state. Therefore, substantive law defines the rights and duties of the people, but procedural law lays down the rules with the help of which they are enforced (Procedural Law vs. Substantive Law, 2013). Procedural law is exactly what the name implies. It sets out the procedure for how a criminal case would proceed. Every state has their own set of procedures which is usually written in a set of rules called a â€Å"code of criminal procedure†. Substantive law deals with the â€Å"substance† of your charges. Every charge is comprised of elements. Elements are the specific acts needed to complete a crime. This law requires that the prosecutor prove every element of the crime in order for someone to be convicted of the crime. I believe that the Fourth Amendment is procedural because it takes procedures to be able to search and seizure a person(s) and their property. You just can’t go in and search with a reason and a warrant. To obtain a warrant you have to have a reason and steps to receive it. The Fifth Amendment is substantive because it deals with the structure and facts of the case. It defines the rights and duties of the defendant. The Sixth Amendment has the most procedural rights. It enable the right to a speedy a trial, impartial jury, informed of nature and cause of accusation, confront opposing witnesses compulsory process for obtaining favorable witnesses and right to counsel. In conclusion, the U. S. Supreme Court has, through the due process clause of the 14th Amendment, incorporated many of the protections and prohibitions contains in the Bill of Rights. While reading this paper, you now know the protections that are available to criminal offenders through the bill of rights that do not currently apply to the states. You also read about the differences between procedural and substantive protections for the criminal offenders in the Bill of Rights. Included in this paper, you read about which protections were procedural and substantive in the Bill of Rights. How to cite Bill Rights, Papers

Introduction to Air Transport for ICAO - MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about theIntroduction to Air Transportfor ICAO and IATA. Answer: Background and Structure of IATA and ICAO International air transport association (IATA) considers as a trade association of the airlines of world. It was established in April 1945 in Cuba. The priorities of IATA are security, safety, services, environment and strategic partners. It has 268 airlines that represent 117 countries. International civil aviation organization (ICAO) is a specialized agency of United Nations. It works with 191 members of states and industry groups to reach concord on international civil aviation standards and recommended practices. These policies of SARPs used by the members of ICAO for ensuring that its civil aviation operations conform to global norms or not (Clark and Wool, 2015). International Traffic Rights and Air Services Agreements An air service agreement is an agreement in which two nations signs to permit international commercial air transport services between their territories. Traffic rights can be referred as freedom of the air. It is the aviation agreement between two countries which allows an airline of other country to enter and land in another countrys airspace. It has been formed as a result of disagreement over the extent of aviation liberalization in the practice on international civil aviation. There are ninth freedoms. First freedom provides the right to the other country to get enter in to another country. Second freedom gives right to land in another country for the purpose of technical stopover. To drop off traffic from country A to country Y, is a third freedom. Fourth freedom allows to traffic back from county B to country A. fifth freedom allows to get registered in country A, to gather traffic in country B, and move on to country C. Sixth freedom has neither origin nor ultimate destination s. Seventh freedom is related to registration in country A, to monitor outside of country an in taking traffic between two countries. Eight freedom shows cabotage which means to get registered in a country, to take traffic between two points in the same abroad country. Ninth freedom refers that registered airline in country A can carry cabotage traffic of country B on the base of services performed completely within country B (ITF, n.d.). Aviation Safety and Security ICAO safety and security: Aviation safety is the core function of ICAO. A global strategy of ICAO has been contained in the global aviation safety plan and global air navigation plan. ICAO audits SARPs by universal safety audit programmers. ICAO attempt practical measures to improve the efficiency of all air transportation system. It has been implemented target safety programs to refer safety and infrastructure deficiencies. The safety and security system of ICAO is unbreakable because it is the complete responsibility of ICAO to take care of it airlines (Lutte, 2015). Safety and security of IATA: Regulations plays a crucial role in the industry of aviation. IATA is an organization that works with IATA. It has 191 member states. IATA has set up a structure which contribute its role in to an efficient and cost effective approach so that medical issues can be resolved within aviation. The safety and security procedure of ICAO will affect the safety procedures of IATA (Quddus, 2016). Industry Operational Standards, Training, and Best Practice Standard operating procedures are an operational standard in the aviation industry. It has been designed on the basis of reflection of flight deck design and operating philosophy. It is a procedure which provides a standard in the regarding of ATC team and for the task of crew members on the flight deck. The training procedure of ICAO and IATO is systematic because numbers of airlines are connected with this organization. The training of both organizations is flexible. IATA is a big organization and more than 100,000 professionals are get trained by this organization. It provides best practices to their learner and provides best facility regarding training. The training of both organizations helps organization operate safely, sustainably and efficiently. It gives the opportunity to the people to build career in aviation industry (International Civil Aviation Organization, 2012). Ticket Pricing, Tariffs and Financial Reconciliation There are so many charges that may affect the ticket pricing, tariffs and financial reconciliation. ICAO sets the price of ticketing and tariffs as per landing charges, parking charges, passenger services charges, security charges and noise related charges. Due to these charges maximum flexibility in the airport to be maintained and it facilitates to improve the techniques as they are developed (Abeyratne, 2014). IATA supports passenger tariffs. It provides the multilateral interline system in which offline points of one ticket booking is added. It defines that one booking- one ticket one currency one transaction. A number of tariff products has been designed for airlines revenue management, ticketing and revenue management (Quelch, 2015). Conclusion It has been concluded that ICAO and IATA is a crucial organization in the field of aviation. Many facilities have been provided at airports. ICAO IS the organizations which mainly do focus on security system. There is miscellaneous hardware available which are highly innovative and shows the latest technology. For instance CEM AC2000 which has the facility of intelligent card readers, integrated biometrics, portable card readers and terminal touch screen card reader. IATA does focus on air bridge monitoring, vehicle management, temporary card holder management and check in desk enabling. Security and safety, ticketing and pricing, standard and training are different of both organization but IATA is the part of ICAO. Recommendations It has been recommended that IATA and ICAO need to manage the flow of passenger because and provide command for the security of airport. Both organization need to provide the one integrated graphical user interface for each system of airports. These both organizations handle number of airlines so the security system for the passenger as well as the staff should be strict. For invoicing, staff id for pass production should be managed. Air bridges should be used in an adequate manner. Unauthorized access should be prevented to secure areas and both organization need to manage the access throughout the airport. However, security system and procedure are being followed strictly in both organization but it is required to monitor and evaluate system frequently. References Abeyratne, R, 2014, The Nature and Role of ICAO, In Regulation of Air Transport (pp. 1-25), Springer International Publishing. Clark, L. and Wool, J., 2015, A Report on the Development of the Proposed Unidroit Convention on International Interests in Mobile Equipment as Applied to Aircraft. International Civil Aviation Organization, 2012, ICAOs Policies on Charges for Airports and Air Navigation Services, Ninth Edition 2012. ITF, n.d., International Traffic Rights Freedoms of the Air, retrieved on 10th may 2017 from: https://www.itfcongress2006.org/files/extranet/-1/3021/Freedoms.pdf. Lutte, B., 2015, ICAO aviation system block upgrades: A method for identifying training needs, International Journal of Aviation, Aeronautics, and Aerospace, 2(4), p.5. Quddus, M, 2016, Aviation safety and security, Air Transport Management: An international perspective. Quelch, J.A., 2015, Pendent of IATA pricing arrangements, When a market In Proceedings of the 1979 Academy of Marketing Science (AMS) Annual Conference (p. 376), Springer.

Should developing countries be exempted from WTO rules Essay Example Essay Example

Should developing countries be exempted from WTO rules? Essay Example Paper Should developing countries be exempted from WTO rules Essay Introduction There are many sound supportive arguments for the view that developing nations have to be exempt from WTO rules. This essay will look into these in detail, while also presenting the rationale behind opposing viewpoints. Foremost among the arguments supporting exemption is the historical disadvantage suffered by developing countries. For example, most of the countries whose economies are in transition today are erstwhile colonies of European imperialist states. As a result of exploitation and usurpation of resources during the process of imperialism, these nations were left highly indebted and economically weak. Hence, there is a strong case to be made for WTO rules exemption from a post-colonial reparation perspective. Alongside several emerging economies, many other countries that presently fall under the Heavily Indebted Poor Countries (HIPC) category are former colonies for European imperialism (Cappelen, 2007). Moreover, the prevailing political chaos in most of these countries i s partly due to the abrupt transition of power from the imperialists to the local elite – a transition that did not make provisions for the establishment of democratic institutions and processes. Already, the implementation of the HIPC Initiative, which was conceived and proposed by the World Bank and its agencies, is one of the methods through which some developing nations are exempted from paying their debt. But countries such as India, China, Russia, Brazil, among others, which do not qualify for the HIPC program, are presently made to compete with advanced economies of North America and Europe, which is a little unfair, given that the they too have a claim for post-colonial reparations (Mcclough, 2006). The process of economic globalization and attendant free trade practices promoted by WTO has become ubiquitous in the new neo-liberal world order of the last few decades. However, all too often, the flaws inherent in this system have caused distress to sections of populati on in the developing world. Moreover, free trade â€Å"means that countries that do not enjoy a comparative advantage have to move resources to more productive sectors or activities, which is usually a painful process. The benefits of liberalized trade are equally distributed among all consumers, but categories of producers suffering from cheap imports may oblige the state to intervene. So many governments are tempted during recessions to slow the adoption of open trading policies in order to secure national independence. Where production is essential for national defence, it may be supported directly through procurement practices rather than indirectly by protection. In other sectors of the economy, tariffs and contingents are still powerful instruments of the state when the national interest requires the survival of inefficiently operating firms or sectors.† (Jilberto Mommen, 1996) Should developing countries be exempted from WTO rules? Essay Body Paragraphs Since business corporations are the facade of the process of globalization, the free trade rules are seldom concerning sovereign nations alone. In reality, the free trade practices promoted by WTO are driven by powerful business interests. Often, the power and influence of transnational corporations transcends and transgress the sovereignty of nations and the constitutional rights of local populations. The loopholes of international business law allow these Multinational Corporations (MNCs) to go scot-free and evade accountability toward the citizens of the countries in which they operate in. While the activities of MNCs in developing countries can either be bolster up the Gross Domestic Product of the country, recent evidence suggests that the effects on living standards minimal to none for a majority of the population. The primary criticism levelled against existing WTO rules is that it perpetuates lack of accountability and irresponsibility on part the practitioners of the neo-lib eral agenda (Narlikar, 2003). While global financiers and speculators can accurately evaluate the values of tangible assets, more often than not the measure of intangible consequences of a business corporation’s operations are not accounted. In other words, certain ‘externalities’ such as pollution of water sources, global warming, internal displacement of people are not accounted for, which makes prevailing WTO rules quite unfair (Colares, 2009). Hence there is a strong case for exempting developing countries from select WTO rules on these grounds. The WTO and the United Nations have always argued that an international free trade system without specific exemptions to any country is a sound policy. These institutions state that developing countries have to adopt WTO rules as they exist in order to meet the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) set for 2015. In this regard, â€Å"international trade is recognized as a powerful instrument to stimulate economic progr ess and alleviate poverty. Trade contributes to eradicating extreme hunger and poverty (MDG 1), by reducing by half the proportion of people suffering from hunger and those living on less than one dollar a day, and to developing a global partnership for development (MDG 8), which includes addressing the least developed countries’ needs, by reducing trade barriers, improving debt relief and increasing official development assistance from developed countries†. (Cordoba Bouhey, 2008) Despite this rhetoric from WTO and the UN, the ground realities happen to be quite different. For example, globalization has led to the practice of exploitation of cheap labour in developing countries. A highly publicized recent case is the operations of sportswear maker Nike in countries such as Indonesia and Philippines. Documentary filmmakers have recorded the inhuman working conditions offered to labourers in Nike plants in these countries. Moreover, these workers were never offered medic al insurance or prescribed minimum wages. As a consequence of this negative publicity, many consumers in the West have refused to consume products that were manufactured through exploitation of labour in developing nations. While the condition in manufacturing hubs of Taiwan, Thailand and China are not as harsh as in Indonesia and Philippines, they only barely adhere to international human rights standards (Colares, 2009). So, while global capitalism is further developing the length and breadth of its reach, it benefits certain sections of people while disadvantaging others. While each country has its own set of labour laws that specify the minimum wage and acceptable working conditions and duration of work, it is common knowledge that these laws are easily circumvented. Given that several developing nations do not have robust law enforcement mechanisms and robust democratic institutions to carry out the mandate of the people, there is a case to be made for broadening the scope of o rganizations such as WTO, World Bank and the IMF. For example, in Southeast Asian nations of Indonesia, Thailand; Asian nations of Bangladesh, India and Pakistan, and several East European countries such as Belarus, Georgia, and Croatia and to a lesser extent in China, the levels of corruption have increased since the opening up of their economies (Narlikar, 2003). The misuse of public power for private gain is growing into epidemic proportions in developing nations. As of now the WTO is a purely economic institution, restricting itself to facilitating cross-national trade and money flow. If it takes upon itself the responsibility of social justice as well, then the results of neo-liberal globalization would be much different in the developing world. The implication being that along with exempting developing nations from certain WTO rules, a valid claim is to be made for broadening the existing rules as well (Frieden, 2003). It is a reflection of the unfairness of existing WTO and W orld Bank policies that there have been instances of protest and demonstration against policies made in these institutions. The issue of globalization and the resultant injustices to the developing world, such as exploitation of labour and degradation of environment, has outraged intellectuals and community leaders in these nations. This movement for an equitable and just economic system is termed in the mainstream media as â€Å"anti-globalization† movement. But this is a subtle ploy to undermine the movement, as those involved in it refer to it as the â€Å"social justice† movement. Generally, the issue of globalization has divided the world into two opposing camps (Siddiqi, 2006). Government institutions and business corporations from developed countries are predominantly in support of it and they also happen to possess most of the wealth and power. The majority of those opposing it are from the developing world, including the continents of South America, South Asia and Africa. Events such as the World Social Forum are conceived and conducted in the developing world and purport to serve as alternatives to the policies initiated by the World Economic Forum and its allied institutions such as the WTO. It is no coincidence that the WEF takes place in Davos in Switzerland, a country that is a banking haven for the rich. The World Social Forum events that are conducted with periodic intervals are proving to be a great success in invoking the spirit of resistance in the impoverished people of the world. WSF events in Porto Allegre in Brazil and Mumbai in India have seen large participation from people all developing nations. Intellectuals such as Vandana Shiva and Arundhati Roy (both from India) and the poet Marcos (from Mexico) are at the forefront of the movement for social justice. These developments show the inherent drawbacks in the policy framework adopted by the WTO towards developing nations (Siddiqi, 2006). Unless it recognizes this and ado pts a more equitable policy framework – one that caters to the needs of all people including the poor – the relevance and legitimacy of WTO would remain dubious. We will write a custom essay sample on Should developing countries be exempted from WTO rules? 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Weird Words

Weird Words Weird Words Weird Words By Daniel Scocco Browsing on the web today I came across an interested website that lists hundreds of weird words from the English language. Here are some that caught my attention: Alexipharmic Having the quality or nature of an antidote to poison. Astrobleme An eroded meteor impact crater. Bloviate To speak pompously. Bromopnea Bad breath. Ceraunograph A lightning recorder. Contumely Insolent or insulting language or treatment. Droogish Relating to the nature or attitudes of a member of a street gang. Engastrimyth A ventriloquist. Florilegium A collection of writings; a portfolio of flower pictures. Fustilugs A grossly fat or slovenly woman. Ginglyform Hinge-shaped. Lipogrammatist A writer of lipograms. Mongo An object retrieved from rubbish; a scavenger. Pogonotrophy Cultivation of a beard; beard-growing. You might need a good dictionary to find those. My Firefox extension is not recognizing them, for instance. What about you, got any weird words to share? Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Vocabulary category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Program vs. ProgrammeIs There a Reason â€Å"the Reason Why† Is Considered Wrong?Titled versus Entitled

Learn About Herrerasaurus, One of the First Dinosaurs

Learn About Herrerasaurus, One of the First Dinosaurs One of first dinosaurs ever to walk the earth, theres some dispute about whether Herrerasaurus was even technically a dinosaur at all- that is, this meat-eater may well have predated the split between ornithischian (bird-hipped) and saurischian (lizard-hipped) dinosaurs, which could conceivably have made it a very advanced archosaur rather than a true dinosaur. Whatever the case, its clear from Herrerasaurus predatory arsenal- including sharp teeth, three-fingered hands, and a bipedal gait- that it was an active and very dangerous hunter, even making allowances for its relatively small size (only about 100 pounds, max). Origins of the Earliest Dinosaurs As far as we know, the earliest dinosaurs evolved in South America during the middle Triassic period, when Herrerasaurus lived, and then gradually spread to other parts of the globe (which wasnt as challenging as it would be today, since most of the earths landmasses were clustered together in the giant continents of Laurasia and Gondwana). In fact, the fossil beds where Herrerasaurus was discovered later yielded another famous proto-dinosaur dating from a few million years earlier, Eoraptor, which is now considered by many experts to be the first genuine dinosaur; another notable early dinosaur genus is the comparably sized Staurikosaurus. All of these early genera present a huge challenge to paleontologists trying to reconstruct the dinosaur family tree. For now, the bulk of the opinion is that Herrerasaurus and pals were true saurischians, the family of dinosaurs that later gave rise to more advanced theropods (like Tyrannosaurus Rex and Velociraptor) and the giant sauropods and titanosaurs of the later Mesozoic Era. The basic issue at stake is whether dinosaurs as a whole are a monophyletic or a paraphyletic group, a question thats way too technical and controversial to try to address here! What was Herrerasaurus Prey? If Herrerasaurus was, in fact, one of the worlds first dinosaurs, what did it prey on? Well, this meat-eater did co-exist with one of the first identified herbivorous dinosaurs, the slightly smaller Pisanosaurus, which may well have figured on its dinner menu. Other candidates include small therapsids (mammal-like reptiles) and a family of plant-eating archosaurs known as rhynchosaurs (a good candidate being the contemporary Hyperodapedon). And while there were no larger dinosaurs than Herrerasaurus in middle Triassic South America, the same doesnt apply to rauisuchids like the enormous Saurosuchus, which may have helped keep Herrerasaurus populations in check. Name: Herrerasaurus (Greek for Herreras lizard); pronounced heh-RARE-ah-SORE-us Habitat: Woodlands of South America Historical Period: Middle Triassic (230 million years ago) Size and Weight: About 10 feet long and 100 pounds Diet: Meat Distinguishing Characteristics: Sharp teeth; ridge on snout; three-fingered hands with claws

FINAL PROJECT Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

FINAL PROJECT - Essay Example The singers of these songs confess longings, sins, cry out against the conventional, and crave escape from the immediate. ("Urban dictionary: Emo," 2012) This is easily reflective in the image presented in Paige Bradley’s â€Å"Expansion.† This is beautiful visual representation of the desire for or potential of the human being to ascend from the confines of its physical form. The ultimate and ideal form of escape. It is not just music that can be influenced by societal concerns, but, both, philosophy and religion, as well. There is an innate freedom of the modern era that allows the freedom of thought. The variation of beliefs and philosophies that exist and are expressed are immense. That said there is so much potential thought, so much potential creativity, so much possibility that, eventually, all of man-kind will have no choice but to burst from the restrictive confines it no longer needs. This, also, can be compared to the image and message of Bradley’s â€Å"Expansion.† This is that moment when this person is released into a new existence whatever it may be. It is like a rebirth. Lastly, most religions have been established for centuries and are difficult to influence to change. However, even some of the world’s strictest and unchanging religions could find an agreeable familiarity in viewing the image that is â€Å"Expansion.† Here we see a restive, peaceful , person transcending from their mortal human shell to become their natural ethereal state. This is an expression that can easily be perceived as supporting of many religious views. In the end, as with literature, film, and television, the areas of philosophy, music, and religion are affected by the needs, wants, and concerns of the people who live within that society. The theme of this age seems to be escapism. The potential and enticement to be able to go beyond what we are is an underlying and largely shared desire. Human

Nursing Science in Research and Practice Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Nursing Science in Research and Practice - Essay Example M., 2002). Evidence-based science is needed to be integrated into the nursing practice to meet the nursing roles of 21st century standards. By evidence-based practice, it is meant that these are proven ways to diagnose and treat patients based on rigorous evidence from contemporary science that may include not only theoretical perspectives, also practice perspectives. By practice perspectives, it is intended to mean studies that elucidate the clinical effectiveness of a particular practice. Authors have also defined it as application of best available empirical evidence that applies recent research findings to clinical practice so it may come into assistance of the clinical decision making of the nurse. To move into the 21st century, the nurses need to base their clinical practice on such empirical evidence to optimize outcomes of clients, to provide safe and accountable practice within the ethical realm, to ensure cost-effective practice on the face of resource constraints, and by these, to e nhance credibility of the profession (Litchfield, M., 1999). When the question of roles that nurses need to play to be able to efficiently do this arises, the answer is simple. They need to fill the gap between research findings and their implementation in their practice. In practice the academic structure for the basic nursing training should be oriented in such a manner that they can overcome the currently observed difficulty in synthesizing empirical and contextual evidence in order to integrate evidence-based changes into practice. Thus, their role should increasingly demonstrate skills and resourcefulness to appraise, synthesize, and implement best evidence into practice. This indicates an organized drift from the established knowledge and practice, and the nurses need to assume the dual role of a practitioner and a researcher. The science of nursing knowledge is a same scholarly investigative process that attempts to find out the factors that cause a change in the phenomenon. Thus, they should accept a practice activity that has been substantiated as predicting valid and reliable outcomes for their clients. This could only be done through establishment of a new body of knowledge confirmed by numerous research efforts and implementation of change in conventional practice based on that knowledge (Rogers, M. E., 1970). The integration of nursing practice should happen with strong rigorous empiric evidence, and such practice is always underpinned by nursing theory and science. The 21st Century nurses, thus would practice a systematic way of knowing that allows them to understand, predict, and explain the outcomes of their practice that is desired to help clients. It is important to note that now, the knowledge is being generated as a rapid pace, and they must adjust to this speed where they are able to understand and articulate clearly the theoretical bases of their discipline, both past and present. With a scholarship only, they can diagnose

Spectrophotometer Essay Example for Free

Spectrophotometer Essay Spectrophotometry in chemistry is a quantitative measure of the reflection or transmission of material properties as a function of wavelength. It is more specialized than the term electromagnetic spectroscopy which is general in that spectrophotometry deals with near-ultraviolet, visible light, and near-infrared, but doesn’t cover the techniques of time-resolved spectroscopic . Spectrophotometer is used in Spectrophotometry. A spectrophotometer is a photometer that measures the intensity as a function of the wavelength of the light source. Important features of spectrophotometers are linear range of absorption or reflectance measurement spectral and bandwidth. A spectrophotometer is used commonly for the transmittance measurement or solutions reflectance, opaque solids or transparent, such as gases, or polished glass. However they can be designed to measure the diffusivity of any of the listed light ranges that which cover around 200nm 2500nm using different calibrations and controls. Calibrations are needed on the machine, within these ranges of light, using standards which vary in type depending on the wavelength of the photometric determination. An example for spectrophotometry experiment is used is the determination of the solution equilibrium constant. A specific chemical reaction in a solution may occur in a reverse and forward direction where products break down into reactants and reactants form products. At some point, this chemical reaction will reach a point of balance called an equilibrium point. In order to determine the respective concentrations of products and reactants at this point, the light transmittance of the solution can be tested using spectrophotometry. The amount of light that passes through the solution the concentration of certain chemicals is indicative that do not allow light to pass through. The use of spectrophotometers spans various scientific fields, such as materials science, physics, biochemistry, molecular biology , and chemistry. They are widely used in many industries including semiconductors, laser and optical manufacturing, printing and forensic examination, and as well in laboratories for the chemical substances study. Ultimately, a spectrophotometer is able to determine, depending on the control or calibration, what substances are present in a target and exactly how much through calculations of observed wavelengths. IR Spectroscopy Infrared spectroscopy (IR spectroscopy) is the spectroscopy that deals with the infrared region of the electromagnetic spectrum that is light with a longer wavelength and lower frequency than visible light. It covers a range of techniques, mostly based on absorption spectroscopy. As with all spectroscopic techniques, it can be used to identify and study chemicals. A common laboratory instrument that uses this technique is a Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometer. The infrared portion of the electromagnetic spectrum is usually divided into three regions; the near-, mid- and far- infrared, named for their relation to the visible spectrum. The higher-energy near-IR, approximately 14000–4000 cm−1 (0.8–2.5 ÃŽ ¼m wavelength) can excite overtone or harmonic vibrations. The mid-infrared, approximately 4000–400 cm−1 (2.5–25 ÃŽ ¼m) may be used to study the fundamental vibrations and associated rotational-vibrational structure. The far-infrared, approximately 400–10 cm−1 (25–1000 ÃŽ ¼m), lying adjacent to the microwave region, has low energy and may be used for rotational spectroscopy. The names and classifications of these sub regions are conventions, and are only loosely based on the relative molecular or electromagnetic properties. Types There are two basic types of infrared spectrometers. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometers are single-beam instruments that use an interferometer to spread a sample with infrared light and measure the intensity of the infrared light not absorbed by the sample. The application of a Fourier transform converts the resulting time domain digital signal into a frequency domain digital signal. Dispersive infrared spectrometers use visible lasers, a grating, and charged coupled devices (CCDs) to collect data. The laser acts as a light source and irradiates the sample. Most of the radiation scatters elastically at the same energy as the incoming laser radiation. A small amount, approximately one photon in a million (0.00001%), scatters from the sample at a wavelength shifted slightly from the original wavelength. Techniques * Fourier transforms infrared spectroscopy FTIR redirects here. FTIR may also refer to frustrated total internal reflection. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) is a technique which is used to obtain an infrared spectrum of absorption, emission, photoconductivity or Raman scattering of a solid, liquid or gas. An FTIR spectrometer simultaneously collects spectral data in a wide spectral range. This confers a significant advantage over a dispersive spectrometer which measures intensity over a narrow range of wavelengths at a time. FTIR has made dispersive infrared spectrometers all but obsolete (except sometimes in the near infrared), opening up new applications of infrared spectroscopy. The term Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy originates from the fact that a Fourier transform (a mathematical process) is required to convert the raw data into the actual spectrum. * Near IR spectroscopy Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) is a spectroscopic method that uses the near-infrared region of the electromagnetic spectrum (from about 800 nm to 2500 nm). Typical applications include pharmaceutical, medical diagnostics (including blood sugar and pulse oximetry), food and agrochemical quality control, and combustion research, as well as research in functional neuroimaging, sports medicine science, elite sports training, ergonomics, rehabilitation, neonatal research, brain computer interface, urology (bladder contraction) and neurology (neurovascular coupling). Theory: Near-infraredspectroscopy is based on molecular overtone and combination vibrations. Such transitions are forbidden by the selection rules of quantum mechanics. As a result, the molar absorptivity in the near IR region is typically quite small. One advantage is that NIR can typically penetrate much farther into a sample than mid infrared radiation. Near-infrared spectroscopy is, therefore, not a particularly sensitive technique, but it can be very useful in probing bulk material with little or no sample preparation. The molecular overtone and combination bands seen in the near IR are typically very broad, leading to complex spectra; it can be difficult to assign specific features to specific chemical components. Multivariate (multiple variables) calibration techniques (e.g., principal components analysis, partial least squares, or artificial neural networks) are often employed to extract the desired chemical information. Careful development of a set of calibration samples and application of multivariate calibration techniques is essential for near-infrared analytical methods. Applications: The primary application of NIRS to the human body uses the fact that the transmission and absorption of NIR light in human body tissues contains information about hemoglobin concentration changes. When a specific area of the brain is activated, the localized blood volume in that area changes quickly. Optical imaging can measure the location and activity of specific regions of the brain by continuously monitoring blood hemoglobin levels through the determination of optical absorption coefficients. Typical applications of NIR spectroscopy include the analysis of foodstuffs, pharmaceuticals, combustion products and a major branch of astronomical spectroscopy.

The Entering of a Non-traditional Sport :: Genders Athletics Essays

The Entering of a Non-traditional Sport There are both many social and cultural costs and benefits of an individual (male or female) entering a non-traditional sport for their gender/sex. First, there are a variety of benefits. When women and men enter non-traditional sports, they are showing society that sports don’t have to be limited to one sex or the other. Women and men are setting an example for everyone around them that you people should do whatever you they want to do no matter what. The entering of a non-traditional sport may be easier for an individual when there is positive feedback from the people around him/her. For example, I don’t think that Bev (in the movie Pumping Iron II) would have been able to continue to weight lift if she didn’t have such positive and encouraging coaches and family. Another benefit of entering a non-traditional sport may just simply involve the use of skill. Although a sport, may not be traditional for a certain sex, athletic capability may be enhanced by participating in these other sports. For example, many football players take ballet lessons to work on their balance, grace, and stability. This kind of situation shows that ballet can be used for just performing ballet or it could mean that ballet is useful for other types of performance. Another way to look at entering a non-traditional sport as beneficial is by looking at upward social mobility. Participation in a certain sport can allow a person to better their chances of getting out of a situation or circumstance. An obvious example of upward social mobility is in the movie Girlfight. Diana has a chance to get out of her home and community through her participation in boxing. Because Diana is a women in a non-traditional sport, her chances of getting out are increased, unlike the many male boxers around her. Because other women boxers are rare, the demand for other competitors is high. Being an individual in a non-traditional sport shows uniqueness, and if that individual is good at what they do, this can bring in more attention and possibly help in achieving other things such as athletic scholarships. Also, in regards to females entering non-traditional sports, there is the benefit of proving to themselves and others that women are just as capable, if not even better, as men in performing certain tasks. This would not be such a big deal if historically sports weren’t established with men and only men’s participation and skill emphasized.

Conservation of natural resources and physical environment Essay

It is a fact that population growth or its decline is a resultant effect of both births and deaths or in some countries; immigration and emigration are indeed significant factors of this phenomenon. The carrying capacity as defined by specialists is that maximum number of persons that can be comfortably supported in a particular environment without posing any possible threats of depletion of the available resources in the near future. It thus not only considers space availability but also emphasizes on the importance of relating the numbers to the available resources as well as the potential of the earth system as a whole to support them (S. P. Hays, 1986). It is therefore important to realize that human beings are part and parcel of the world’s ecosystem and its only valuable for them to preserve its best. The ecosystems has constantly undergone modifications by humans not only as a consequence of population expansion but also due to enhanced technological know how and human consumption. It is the human race that has in the past destroyed habitats, polluted his own environment that has adversely changed the atmosphere hence threatening global stability. Experts have further warned that these observable negative impacts could see the ecosystem undergo irreversible damages if not quickly addressed. Conservation of natural resources involves good management, wise and proper utility of the abundant earth resources by man (D. W. Ehrenfeld, 1972). Read more: Essay About  Conservation of Natural Resources This is not only for economic reasons but also for the survival of the new generation to come. Wood and wood products for instance, form the fundamental economic gain from forests but it is also worth noting that most forest zones are the major water catchment points and since water is life, then, it is only fair to preserve forests so as to support life. The human race has therefore developed interest in the study of his environment with the intention of understanding it better. These studies have not been fruitless sine certain scientific fields like ecology which deeply analyses living organisms in relation to each other and their physical environment have significantly improved man’s understanding of the ecosystem by bringing out clearly the vital roles of specific organisms in the universe. Through this information, man has comprehended that his survival depends on the other part of the system as well. The principle â€Å"Energy is neither created nor destroyed† suggests the capacity of the earth’s self renewal but also raises a particular concern over nonrenewable energy resources that are fast getting depleted! It is for this noble purpose that various nations have set up their own policies on environmental conservation with the major aim of achieving better and healthy lives for their citizens now and in the future. However some countries like Iraq and others in record have no restrictions to various areas considered ‘special’ environmentally especially considering the fact that some wildlife in those parts are at a risk of getting extinct. This therefore brings the big debate on whether its really necessary to conserve our environment? Since the mid-nineteenth century, the globe has recorded increasing mean atmospheric temperatures, a phenomenon attributed to the emission at extremely high levels, of greenhouse gases. This warming trend has been traced to originate from human activities. As much as we are fast to point blame on industries and other businesses, research has it that everyone creates pollution through various activities that we undertake daily and therefore contribute to the level of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. This is because every manufactured product finds its way to us and by all means leaves behind some carbon footprint however small (John Darabaris, 2007). Thus man being aware of the deadly impacts of this phenomenon on his environment is constantly struggling to reduce carbon footprint to he smallest possible amounts. Modern science has sophisticated instrumentation that can precisely predict harsh weather events that may result from global warming. Industrialization that has seen man adopt modern farming techniques, improved infrastructure amongst many other human practices is here to stay and even advance further, yet it must be controlled and channeled appropriately into activities that will not deplete the scarce resources. History has it that man, through industrialization, has enhanced erosion activities at the coast and affected the duration of planting seasons in many agriculturally dependant zones, thanks to the constantly warming globe. Human race is very much aware that if these trends persist, more destructive and violent storms are yet to be observed, dreadful and deadly diseases are also likely to attack depending on the new temperatures of the earth which may favor the existence of new pathogens. This not only poses human race at great risk but also predicts real danger to the vast resources that we have on earth. Permafrost for instance, is a major factor that controls several environmental processes and thus changes in nutrients, water content and even temperature will for sure have some effect on the soil composition (Bolter, M. 1999). It is also expected that a warmer globe will initiate more energy to be pumped into tropical storms hence developing stronger and more destructive and vicious storms. The warm condition also, according to scientific predictions, could make earth observe long periods of drought and this will definitely cause global food shortages. Such persistent drought conditions also put the globe at the risk of experiencing more wild fires that will destroy property and other natural resources. Wildlife is one of the most treasured natural resource not only because of its economic importance but also because of its aesthetic value and ecological significance. However, the current trajectory path traced by global warming effects could result into the extinction of rare planet species that would otherwise fail to adapt to the new environment due to the shift in ecosystem. The physical topography is not spared either since man now understands that the warming trend has significantly speeded the melting of polar ice bringing along with it severe and unbearable weather conditions. Science and engineering technology has significantly contributed to the advancement of humanity thereby increasing the understanding of our world, ambitions and inspirations, and our ability to satisfy our diverse needs in our lifetime (Clift, 1998). Our survival on the planet earth will indeed to a great extent depend on how we effectively relate to all the other living organisms and even to the physical environment. As much as man has been innovative, new technologies do come with diverse environmental challenges. The increasing world population for instance, has seen a significant rise in energy demand. A clean and reliable yet sustainable energy source is thus essential to meet this demand, the selection of which must be carefully made. Innovative solutions are therefore called upon from the concern industrial sectors, governments and even communities. Europe, America, China, India and other industrialized nations depend almost entirely on fossil fuels; the developing nations are reportedly increasing their consumption of the same! Arguably, the methods used to produce and consume these fuels are not the best and have significantly contributed to the destruction of the ecosystem. It is for this reason that man has used the available technology to develop alternative means of producing energy with minimal or no impact at all on the environment. Using this knowledge man has resorted to energy sources that are found naturally in the environment (Carroll, 1993). For instance, using solar panels has made it possible to harness solar energy safely into viable use. This is a significant step made in protecting and saving the environment since it does not cause pollution and is also considered an infinite source of energy. However, this invention came with its own challenges such as unpredictable climatic patterns especially in the twentieth century , a phenomenon associated to global warming thereby forcing man to diversify into other energy sources such as the nuclear energy, wind power, sea power amongst many others. Nuclear power alone has attracted many developed countries with most of them claiming it is the answer to the global energy crisis. The only controversy that arises on nuclear energy production is the after effects it has on the environment. Storing and effectively damping radioactive material for as long as a thousand years is still a threat to the environment and the planet at large. Most people are now aware of various threats resulting from environmental problems. Many people are reported to panic in some cases, though it makes them have a clear understanding of the necessity to conserve and protect the little we have or else face permanent destruction from the cruel nature we have created. Since we can’t afford to despair, this extraordinary times calls for extraordinary solutions that promises a better tomorrow. Experts have issued warnings about the changing climate for example, and our understanding is that we have the solution with us. Therefore, by taking individual responsibility, there is hope, these damages can either be slowed down or completely reversed (Engel, 1990). The current generation understands so well that the generation tomorrow will enjoy the natural resources we have today only if we live in a sustainable way and this is irrespective of whatever modernity dictates. Indeed, with this kind of rapid loss of biodiversity, the global community full of researchers and practioneers must move with speed before the situation gats out of hand (Jacobson 1995). By conserving the resources and managing them sustainably, the future is secure of having clean water, clean energy, clean air and even fertile soils for productive agriculture. Modern man has also realized that diversity in culture and biological diversity are greatly linked (Mc Neely, 1995). Different societies within this very globe possess very unique cultural practices, beliefs and knowledge about the environment that is very valuable especially in solving certain environmental problems. Redesigning industrial systems to obtain safe technology reduces waste and encourages recycling of refuse in biological lines. This is a concept full of hope that will see the world maximize the use of raw materials, reduce the consumption of energy and with minimal or no negative impacts on the environment (D. Worsher, 1977). Different cultures for example, find different uses of different plans which essentially constitute the ecosystem. By preserving the diverse or sometimes complex cultural practices and lifeways, biological systems will then be protected in the process. It is imperative to note that human beings have constantly adjusted and adapted to their environment almost simultaneously as it changes. This justifies the argument by scholars that ‘nature and culture are indivisible’ and thus the necessity to narrow down human ecology to the analyses of socio-natural systems (Bennett, 1996). Due to fundamental shifts in the interrelationship between industrialization and the other part of the ecosystem, experts have identified possible radical changes that may accompany these historical moments and therefore suggested thorough rebuilding of all industrial systems. Mediterranean region for example, has been greatly eroded due to poor farming methods like overgrazing and deforestation. Siltation and salanization are also some observable effects from irrigation activity at the region (Hillel, 1991). Different regions thus have dispatched relevant authorities to help sensitize and educate the communities living around such valuable resources on the importance of conservation measures and proper management. Conservation of the environment is therefore not debatable if the treasured human race needs to protect its self against possible harm in the future. The rapid race at which global climate has changed, the ever expanding global population amongst many other critical environmental declines are some of the critical issues that need addressing as a mater of urgency. Intensive research work carried out by various scientific groups indicates for instance, that the world losses 22 million acres forest area yearly (Elizabeth, 2006). Similarly, very toxic chemicals find their way into the atmosphere yearly some of which last over decades in the environment. It is therefore very serious to realize that we are obviously threatened when our natural resources are threatened since we greatly depend as major sources of medicine, food, shelter, fuel, just to mention a few. Nature is known to be unforgiving and respects no boundaries; environmental problems threaten global economy, health and even security. The tropical forests which are rapidly disappearing hold the source of close to twenty-five percent of prescription drugs (George P, 1973). A world without energy, food, safe clean water or inhabitable environment exposes its people to political unrest as well as economic instability. This could see the world spend an enormous sum of money inform of peacekeeping, humanitarian aid or even in attempt to revive global markets. With this kind of understanding, man has realized the significance of working together with a lot of commitment by all countries to provide lasting solutions to fundamental problems and also offer sustainable management of the scarce natural resources. This indeed is an assurance of hope that promises better future to all the human society. References D. W. Ehrenfeld, (1972), Conserving Life on Earth; D. Worsher, (1977), Nature’s Economy; Roderick Nash, (2001). Wilderness and the American Mind, NY: Yale University Press,). R. Nash, (1982), Wilderness and the American Mind; NY. S. P. Hays, (1986), Conservation and the Gospel of Efficiency. Bolter, M. (1999). Consequences of Global Warming on Soil Processes in Arctic Regions, Polarforschung, 66, 1/2, 1-10. Jacobson SK (ed). (1995). Conserving wildlife: international education and communication approaches. New York NY: Columbia University Press. Noss RF. (1997). The failure of universities to produce conservation biologists. Cons Biol 11(6) Hillel, Daniel. 1991. Out of the Earth: Civilization and the Life of the Soil. Free Press. NY. Bennett and Flatley, G. W. , J. W. (1996) ‘Using Contingent Valuation to Determine Australian Tourists’ Values for Forest Conservation in Vanuatu’. Economic Analysis and Policy 26 (2) Donald Worster, (1994) Nature’s Economy, NY: Cambridge University Press. William Cronon. (1991) Nature’s Metropolis. NY: Norton. Elizabeth Kolbert (2006). Field Notes on a Catastrophe: Man, Nature, and Climate Change. NY, Bloomsbury. Carroll, W. J. (1993). ‘World Engineering Partnership for Sustainable Development. ’ Journal of Professional Issues in Engineering Education and Practice, 119 Clift, R. (1998). Engineering for the environment: The new model engineer and her role. Process Safety and Environmental Protection. 76(B2)

Political Philosophy and Paine Essay

1. Why do you think Thomas Paine writes Common Sense anonymously? How does he think his work will be remembered? Thomas Paine wrote Common Sense anonymously because the ideas he used in writing the book were contradicting the government at that time. If the government knew that he wrote it then they will take action against him to punish him. He probably thought that his work would remain as something memorable such as it was only there to raise the spirit of the colonist to fight back and to stand up against the government. 2. According to Paine, what is the difference between society and government? Paine states that society and government are completely different in purpose and also different in origin. Society is created innocently for the people’s happiness although the government is poison but necessary product made by desires of people to support people’s happiness by forcefully restraining desires of people themselves. 3. What is the meaning of ‘liberty’ in Paine’s thought? Equality? What is the relationship between the two? The meaning of liberty in Paine’s thought was the state of being free within society from cruel limits enforced by authority on one’s way of life, behavior, or political views. He described equality as the state of being equal in positions, rights, and opportunities. The relationship between the two is that they work hand-in-hand because everyone should have equal rights. 4. According to Paine, why is there a need for regulations and government in general? According to Paine, it is a necessary evil for two reasons. The first reason is for security and freedom, things that everyone wants, are the true intention and end of government. The second reason is a moral asset which is the foundation of society, but it’s incapable of governing. In other words government is inevitable, because it is there to supply the defect of moral asset. 5. Why does Paine consider the English monarchy to be ineffective? Paine considered the monarchy in particular to be ineffective because the king is not informed enough to match his power, he naturally will thirst for more and more power, he can ignore the people’ voices and more importantly, he doesn’t and sometimes, is incapable of making sure his words comes to the people exactly same as he meant them to be. 6. What is the view of Gideon that Paine uses as an example? â€Å"As the exalting one man so greatly above the rest cannot be justified on the equal rights of nature, so neither can it be defended on the authority of scripture; for the will of the Almighty† (Gideon). From this quote of Gideon, we can assume Gideon’s point of views. He thinks that all men are equal and no one man can be above the rest. He also thinks that only God can rule over people. 7. What does Paine think that America will gain by separating from England? According to Paine, America will gain by separating from England is that it would not get contaminated by the monarchy he has been criticizing. Then, America will gain wealth and most importantly it will gain independence. 8. Describe Thomas Paine’s life and background, including where he is originally from and what his reputation was before, during, and after writing Common Sense. On January 29, 1737, Thomas Paine was born in Thetford, England. His father had grand visions for his son, but by the age of 12, Thomas had failed out of school. The young Paine began apprenticing for his father, but again, he failed. So, by 1768 he found himself as a tax officer in England. Thomas didn’t exactly excel at the role, getting discharged from his post twice in four years. In 1774, by happenstance, he met Benjamin Franklin in London, who helped him immigrate to Philadelphia. Then in 1776, he published Common Sense. 9. What is Paine’s argument based on? What intellectual movement and why? Paine’s argument is mostly based on things that everyone in the colony would consider common sense. The intellectual part about the concept is that even though he demonstrated a great length of knowledge, he made it look like his knowledge is even with the colonists. The reason for that is he really wanted the colonists to believe that the book is written by but someone among the colonists. That way, it is much easier to move the colonists’ spirit. 10. What is the role, for Paine, of the wars in Europe on American independence? His role is to remind them and clear their desire to live a life without great changes so that they can stand up and fight for their own lives. Paine’s role in the wars was not that of a leader but a reminder of the people’s cause. Because of Paine, people started to remember to stand up and fight back for their rights. 11. How does Paine argue the opposing point of independence? How does he counter the â€Å"reconciliationists†? Paine explains why the current time is a good time to break free of Britain. Primarily, Paine focuses on the present size of the colonies, and on their current capabilities. He presents an inventory of the British Navy and gives calculations revealing how America could build a navy of comparable size. Paine recommends this as a way of ensuring America’s security and prosperity in trade. Paine also argues that America is sufficiently small as to be united now. 12. List the reasons why Paine thinks independence is necessary. What is â€Å"the most powerful of all arguments† for independence? Paine thinks independence because England is violently oppressive in way that it’s exploiting America for the good of England. Being a part of the British Empire will inevitably involve America in unnecessary imperial conflicts. And the most powerful of all arguments is that England is too far away to govern America effectively, even if it wanted to. 13. Paine begins his analysis from the state of nature. What is the rhetorical function of this? What political goals does this serve? What role does nature have in Paine’s thinking? Nature does not sanction division of men into Kings and Subjects. It is only customary. The State of Nature as tool of criticism because a government must not make things worse than they are in the State of Nature if they are to deserve compliance. 14. For Paine, what is the relationship between law and liberty? Paine begins this section by making a distinction between society and government, and then goes on to consider the relationship between government and society in a state of â€Å"natural liberty†. He next tells a story of a few isolated people living in nature without government, and explains that the people find it easier to live together rather than apart; thus, they create a society. As the society grows, problems arise, and the people meet to make regulations in order to mitigate the problems. As the society continues to grow, a government becomes necessary to enforce these regulations, which over time, turn into laws 15. According to Common Sense, what is the basis of just government? According to Common Sense the basis of just government are Freedom, Happiness, and Efficiency 16. What point is Paine making when he argues, â€Å"Europe, and not England, is the parent country of America†? How does he use the national origins of English monarchs to show that the colonists’ English origins are irrelevant to the decision they now face? By grounding political authority in reason, Paine is able to make a persuasive argument undermining the foundations of British government, which is based in tradition, religion, and custom. 17. How does Paine reject the arguments of â€Å"men of passive tempers† who wish for reconciliation with Britain? Paine says that as a colony of Britain, America lacks respectability on the international scene. They are seen simply as rebels, and cannot form substantial alliances with other nations. In order to prosper in the long term, the colonies need to be independent 18. How does Paine answer the question, â€Å"Where is the king of America†? Paine answers this question by stating he reigns above in America, and the law is king. 19. How does Paine reject the argument that the colonies have â€Å"flourished† as members of the British Empire? What was Britain’s true motive in defending the colonies, and what does this motive reveal about the relationship between the two? Paine states that America has flourished under British rule, and therefore ought to stay under the king, Paine says that such an argument fails to realize that America has evolved and no longer needs Britain’s help. Some say that Britain has protected America, and therefore deserves allegiance, but Paine responds that Britain has only watched over America in order to secure its own economic well-being. 20. What did you learn from reading this assignment? What is your opinion of the work? The first thing that I learn from the assignment is the importance fighting back because Paine’s ideas were inspiring and knowledgeable and also that this was an important event for US history. In my opinion, the book common sense was by far one of the greatest historical books. Thomas Paine writing style is both fanatical and graceful, demonstrating Paine’s disgust, rage and passion without having to degrade his social status.

Definition for the Java Term Loops

Definition for the Java Term Loops A loop is a way of repeating lines of code more than once. The block of code contained within the loop will be executed again and again until the condition required by the loop is met. For example, you could set up a loop to print out the even numbers between 1 and 100. The code that gets executed each time the loop is run will be the printing out of an even number, the condition the loop is looking to meet is reaching 100 (i.e., 2 4 6 8....96 98). There are two types of loops: Indeterminate - An indeterminate loop does not know how many times it will run. For example, you could search through an int array looking for a specific value. The most logical way would be to search each element of the array in order until you find the right value. You dont know if the value is in the first element or the last so the number of times you loop around checking the next element of the array is unknown. Indeterminate loops are the while and do..while loops.Determinate - AÂ  determinate loop knows exactly how many times it will loop. For example, if you want to know how much money youll be paid for the next twelve months minus tax you could perform the wage calculation 12 times. The determinate loop in Java is the for loop. Examples An indeterminate while loop to search for the number 10 in a randomly ordered int array: //int array of random numbers int[] numbers {1, 23, 56, 89, 3, 6, 9, 10, 123}; //a boolean variable that will act as the condition for the loop boolean numberFound false; int index 0; //this loop will continue running until numberFound true while (!numberFound) { System.out.println(Were looping around..); if (numbers[index] 10) { numberFound true; index; System.out.println(Weve found the number after index loops); } index; } A determinate for loop to display all the even numbers between 1 and 100: int number 0; //loop around 49 times to get the even numbers //between 1 and 100 for (int i1;i

Baseball WWII

Examines the sport as a popular social patriotic glue. Looks at the decline of players quality and compares it to the game of WWI. Looks at the issues of players military service, attendance and owners views. Baseball was one of the most significant forms of popular culture in the United States at the time of the Second World War. It was, by far, the most popular sport in the country, and its stars were local and, often, national heroes. It was a truly national pastime, as professional teams from the large northeastern and midwestern cities competed with each other, minor league teams drew crowds in small towns all over the country, and radio listeners swelled the number of fans. A great body of popular lore had grown up around the subject, and the identification of baseball and American values had become axiomatic. As with any manifestation of popular culture, baseball both revealed and determined what American society valued most. But, when World War II arrived, it was inevitable that baseball would be hit much harder than other popular culture..

Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act - Essay Example Other than the USA PATRIOT Act amendment of 2001, there have been several other amendments such as the Protect America Act of 2007 and the FISA Amendments Act of 2008. The USA PATRIOT Act of 2001 is the most significant amendment of the three. This amendment gave powers to state authorities that were sufficient in protecting the homeland. The powers also gave these authorities the ability to protect the country from future attacks. These powers included the ability to monitor internet data and use, interception of emails and phone calls. The Act further granted state authorities the right to place wiretaps on conversations between American citizens and non-citizens3. In addition to surveillance, the state authorities were granted powers to detain individuals it deemed suspicious and dangerous. In comparison to other Acts, the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act is the most controversial. This essay will assess and analyze its electronic surveillance provision. The Electronic Surveillance provision in the FISA Act grants state authorities to conduct electronic surveillance because of two scenarios. In the first scenario, the President can authorize state authorities to conduct electronic surveillance for one year. The President does this through the office of the Attorney General and the surveillance can only be done on foreigners4. This surveillance picks up any foreign intelligence information being exchanged between agents of a foreign power and the foreign power. This surveillance, according to the Act, may or may not substantiate to anything feasible5. It is the Attorney General’s responsibility to create a certification of the conditions necessary for the surveillance. The Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court authorizes this certification by its seal. The A.G is then supposed to report to both the House Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence and the Senate Select